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Golf Glossary

Pair
Two golfers who are playing together in stroke competition. As a verb, to assign golfers to play together, as in, "The tournament committee paired Nicklaus and Palmer."

Par
The number of strokes, designated for each hole, that represents a standard of good performance. The par figures for individual holes are added up to represent par for a course. Par is generally based on the length of a hole from the tee to the green, although adjustments may be made for configuration of the ground, severity of hazards, and other difficult or unusual conditions. See the following entries.

Par 3
A par 3 hole is up to 250 yards in length for men, 210 yards for women.

Par 4
A par 4 hole is 250 to 471 yards in length for men, 211 to 400 yards for women.

Par 5
A par 5 hole is more than 470 yards in length for men, more than 401 yards for women.

Partner
One of two or more players on the same side in a match.

Penalty stroke
An additional stroke that's added to a player's score because of a rules violation. See also stroke and distance.

Pick up
To take up the ball before holing out. In stroke play, picking up incurs disqualification. In match play, it concedes the hole to the opponent.

Pin
Same as flagstick.

Pin-high
Same as hole high.

Pin placement
The location of the hole on a putting green. During a tournament, pin placement generally changes from one day to the next.

Pin position
Same as pin placement.

Pitch
A short shot, lofted high toward the putting green, usually with backspin.

Pinsetter
The official who is responsible for pin placement.

Pitch and run
A type of pitch shot hit with less arc and no backspin, so the ball will roll toward the pin after it lands on the green.

Pitching niblick
Obsolete name for the No. 8 iron.

Pitching wedge
An iron with a heavy flange, designed primarily for hitting pitch shots.

Pivot
The rotation of the hips, trunk, and shoulders during the swing.

Play off
To play further holes or another round in order to determine the winner of a tie match.

Play through
To pass a group of golfers who are playing ahead. Golf etiquette dictates that a slow group should allow a faster-playing group to play through.

Plugged lie
A lie in which the ball is buried in sand.

Plus handicap
A player whose average is below par has a plus handicap, meaning that he must add strokes to the gross, rather than subtracting them, to determine the net score.

Pot bunker
A small, deep sand trap that has steep sides.

Preferred lie
Under local rules, a manner in which a player is allowed to improve his lie without incurring a penalty.

Press
An extra bet on the remaining holes. For example, one the 16th tee, a golfer may offer a "five-dollar press" or "five-dollar extra," meaning he wants to bet five dollars on the last three holes.

Professional
A player who receives monetary competition for playing in tournaments or for giving lessons. Commonly shortened to "pro."

Pro-am
A competition in which professionals and amateurs are paired as partners.

Pro shop
An equipment shop at a course, operated by the head professional.

Provisional ball
A ball played if the previously hit ball may be lost or out of bounds. If the first ball is found, or is discovered to be in bounds, that ball is played. Otherwise, the player continues playing the provisional ball.

Pull
To hit the ball relatively straight, but to the left of the target, for a right-handed player.

Punch
A low, controlled shot hit into the wind. As a verb, to hit such a shot.

Push
To hit the ball relatively straight, but to the right of the target, for a right-handed player.

Putt
A shot made toward the hole, when the ball is already on the putting surface.

Putter
A club especially designed for putting. It usually has a short shaft and a straight face.

Putting green
The surface around the hole, which is specially prepared for putting.

Putting surface
Same as putting green.

Quail high
Descriptive of a long shot hit on a low, flat trajectory, like the flight of a quail.

R & A
Abbreviation for the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland, which established the international rules of golf in collaboration with the U. S. Golf Association.

Rabbit
A touring professional who has to compete in qualifying rounds in order to play in tournaments.

Rap
To hit a putt firmly.

Rating marker
A permanent marker indicating the point at the front of the teeing ground from which distance to the green is measured.

Read the green
To examine the slope and texture of the green in order to determine what path the ball should take on a putt.

Recovery shot
A shot from an undesirable position, such as a hazard or the rough, onto the fairway or green.

Referee
The official who is in overall charge of a tournament or match. He or she is responsible for deciding all questions of fact and of golf law, and may act on any breach of rule, whether directly observed or reported by an observer.

Reverse overlap
A type of grip, often used in putting, in which the right index finger overlaps the left little finger, for a right-handed player.

Rifle
To hit a shot with distance and accuracy.

Rim
To roll around the edge of the cup.

Rim out
To roll around the edge of the cup without dropping in.

Rough
Areas of long grass adjacent to the teeing ground, fairway, greens, or hazards.

Round
A complete circuit of a golf course, usually 9 or 18 holes.

Round robin
A type of tournament in which each player has one match against each other player, with victory going to the player who wins the most matches.

Rub of the green
An accident in which an outside agency stops or deflects the ball, for which there is no relief under the rules. Also, golf's equivalent of "That's the way the ball bounces."

Run
The distance the ball rolls after a shot lands.

Run-up
An approach shot that is hit close to or along the ground so that the ball will roll toward the hole.

Sand iron
A heavy, lofted club formerly used for playing out of bunkers. Also sometimes applied to the sand wedge.

Sand trap
A hazard containing sand; a bunker.

Sand wedge
An iron with a heavy flange, designed primarily for use in getting out of sand traps.

Scare
The area of a wood club where the head and shaft are spliced together.

Scotch foursome
A match in which partners take turns hitting the same ball. They alternate driving, no matter who holed out on the previous hole.

Scratch
Descriptive of a zero handicap.

Scratch golfer
A player has a zero handicap; thus, one who averages par.

Scruff
To scrape or cut the turf with the club head before hitting the ball.

Set
A full complement of golf clubs.

Shaft
The part of the club, including the grip, that is joined to the head.

Shag
To retrieve balls hit from the practice tee.

Shag bag
A bag in which practice balls are carried.

Shank
The portion of the hosel nearest the club's face. As a verb, to hit a shot with the shank, which causes it to go sharply off line, usually to the right for a right-handed golfer.

Shapiro
Similar to a mulligan, but after hitting the second ball, the player can choose which one to play for the rest of the hole.

Short game
That part of the game of golf involving shots in which is accuracy is more important than distance.

Side
Two or more golfers playing as partners.

Sidehill lie
A lie in which the ball is on a hillside and is therefore either above or below the golfer's feet.

Single
A match involving two players, one against the other.

Skins
A betting game in which the player who wins a hole wins a pot. If there is no winner, the pot is carried over and added to the pot for the next hole.

Skull
To hit the ball above its center, usually on a chip or pitch shot, causing it to travel too far.

Sky
To hit well underneath the ball, causing it to go higher and therefore shorter than intended.

Skywriting
A poor swing, on which the club head makes a loop or circle at the top of the backswing. This usually results in a shank.

Slice
A shot that curves strongly from left to right, for a right-handed golfer, because of clockwise rotation. As a verb, to hit such a shot.

Slider
A low shot that takes erratic bounces.

Smother
To hit down on the ball, causing it to travel a short distance along the ground.

Snake
A long putt that traverses several breaks in the green.

Snap hook
A very acute hook.

Snipe
A sharply hit hook that drops quickly.

Socket
The opening, in the neck of an iron, where the shaft is fitted.

Sole
The bottom of the club head. As a verb, to place the sole of the club on the ground during address.

Sole plate
A metal plate that protects the bottom of a wood club.

Spade-mashie
Obsolete name for a No. 6 iron.

Spike mark
A mark made on the green by a golf shoe's cleats.

Spoon
Obsolete term for a No. 3 wood.

Spot putting
A method of putting in which the player uses a spot on the green as an aiming point.

Spray
To hit the ball way off line.

Square
Descriptive of a tied match, as in, "The golfers were square after 15 holes."

Square stance
A stance in which the feet are lined up parallel to the ball's expected line of flight.

Stableford
A scoring system based on points rather than strokes. Eight points are awarded for a double eagle, 5 for an eagle, and 2 for a birdie. A point is subtracted for a bogey and 3 points are subtracted for a double bogey or worse. The player who accumulates the most points wins the round.

Stance
The position of the feet during the address.

Starter
An official who is responsible for seeing that golfers tee off at the proper time and in the correct sequence.

Stick
The flagstick.

Stimpmeter
An instrument for measuring the speed of greens. It's a 30-inch aluminum trough raised to a 20-degree angle. A ball is placed in the top of the trough and released to roll down onto the green. The distance it rolls after leaving the trough is then converted to a Stimp reading.

Stipulated round
A round played on all 18 holes of a course in their numbered sequence.

Stony
Descriptive of a shot hit very close to the flagstick.

Stroke
A swing at the ball with the intent of hitting it. Also, a golfer's swing in general, as in, "Karrie Webb has a smooth but powerful stroke."

Stroke and distance
A penalty in which the golfer is penalized a stroke and has to play the shot again, thus is also penalized the distance the first ball was hit.

Stroke play
Competition based on the number of strokes taken for a stipulated round, or a predetermined number of stipulated rounds, with the low score winning.

Stymie
Originally, the situation in match play in which an opponent's ball lies in the line of a player's putt. Formerly, the shot had to be played, but now the blocking ball may be lifted, so the term usually refers to a tree or other object that lies between the ball and the flagstick.

Sudden death
A playoff in which the first golfer to win a hole also wins the match or tournament.

Swale
A shallow depression or dip in the terrain

Sweet spot
The dead center of the club face.

Swing
The full action involved in stroking the ball, which includes the takeaway, backswing, downswing, and follow through.

Takeaway
The beginning of the backswing, when the club is taken away from the ground.

Tap in
A very short putt; as a verb, to make such a putt.

Tee
A disposable device of wood, metal, or plastic, on which the ball is placed for driving. Also, the area from which the ball is hit on the first shot of a hole.

Tee off
To hit a shot from the tee.

Tee shot
A shot played from a tee.

Tee up
To place the ball on the tee, preparatory to beginning play.

Teeing ground
The area from which the golfer must tee off on a hole. The ball must be teed up within the markers and no more than two club lengths behind them.

Texas wedge
The putter when it's used outside the putting green, as to hit the ball from a chipping distance or out of a trap.

Thin
Descriptive of a shot in which the ball is hit above center and the head of the club is following too high a line.

Thread
To steer the ball through a narrow opening, as between two closely-placed trees.

Three ball
A type of competition in which three golfers compete against each other.

Threesome
Three golfers playing a round together; also, a type of match in which two golfers take turns hitting the same ball, in competition against a single player.

Toe
The part of the club head farthest from the junction with the shaft. As a verb, to hit the ball with that part of the head.

Toe job
A shot hit too near the toe of the club.

Top
To hit the ball above center, which causes it to roll or hop instead of flying.

Topspin
Forward rotation of the ball in flight.

Touch
The ability to place shots accurately.

Touch shot
A delicate shot with extreme accuracy.

Tournament
A competition involving a number of golfers, which may be match play or stroke play. Most professional tournaments are at stroke play over four rounds, or 72 holes. In a match-play tournament, players are paired for matches, with a winner advancing to the next round, until only two golfers remain to play a final match for the championship.

Triple bogey
A score of 3 over the designated par for a hole.

Trouble shot
A shot taken from a difficult position or a bad lie.

Turn
To begin playing the last 9 holes after having finished the first 9.

Twosome
A single; also, two golfers playing a round together.

Underclub
To use a club that does not give the distance required for the shot.

Underspin
Same as backspin.

Unplayable lie
A lie from which it's impossible to play the ball, such as when it's wedged between two rocks. The player is allowed to drop the ball, incurring a one-stroke penalty.

Up
The number of strokes or holes that a player is ahead of his opponent.

Uphill lie
A lie on which a right-handed golfer's left foot is higher than the right foot.

Upright swing
A swing in the club head is carried directly backward and upward from the ball, with little deviation from the center.

Vardon grip
The overlapping grip, so called because it was popularized by the great English golfer, Harry Vardon, early in the 20th century.

Waggle
Preliminary movement of the club head behind and over the ball, preparatory to the swing itself.

Water hazard
A hazard that contains water.

Water hole
A hole that has a large, conspicuous water hazard between the teeing ground and the putting green.

Wedge
An iron with a heavy flange on the bottom and a high loft. There are two types: the sand wedge and the pitching wedge.

Whiff
To swing and miss the ball.

Whipping
The thread or twine wrapped around the area where the shaft joins the head. It's often replaced by a plastic ferrule.

Whippy
Descriptive of a very flexible shaft.

Wind cheater
A shot played low, usually with heavy backspin, into the wind.

Winter rules
Local rules that allow a golfer to improve the lie of the ball on the fairway, primarily because of unusual conditions resulting from winter weather.

Wood
Formerly a club with a wooden head, but now a club that has a large head of wood or metal. It's generally used for shots requiring greater distance than irons.

Wormburner
A hard hit ball that stays close to the ground.