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Golf Glossary
K
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F
                    
Face
The hitting surface of a club head.
Fade
A controlled shot on which the ball curves slightly from left to right at the end of its flight, when hit by a right-handed golfer. As a verb, to hit such a shot.
Fairway
The area of the course between tee and green that is well kept, usually affording a good lie for the ball.
Fairway wood
A wood club used to hit the ball from the fairway, rather than the driver.
Fan
To swing and miss the ball completely.
Fat shot
A shot on which the club hits the ground before it hits the ball, resulting in loss of distance.
Feather
To hit a long, high that drops lightly on the green, with little roll.
Field
All of the players in a tournament.
Flag
Short for flagstick.
Flagstick
The marker placed in the hole to show its location.
Flange
A surface that protrudes from the sole of the head to improve a club's balance.
Flash trap
A small, shallow sand trap.
Flat swing
A swing on which the club is carried back at a relatively low angle to the ground, usually from the inside out, which is likely to cause a hook.
Flex
The amount of bend in the shaft of a club.
Flier
A shot hit with little or no spin that travels farther than normal.
Flier lie
Specifically, a lie in which the ball is sitting in clover or tufted grass; generally, any good lie in the rough.
Flight
A division of players of relatively equal ability in a tournament. There are usually 16 players in a flight.
Flip shot
A short, high shot, usually played with a highly lofted iron.
Flub
A poor shot, usually caused by hitting the ground before the ball.
Follow-through
The portion of the swing after the ball has been struck.
Fore
A warning called out to those who may be in danger from the flight of the ball.
Forecaddie
A person employed by a golf course or tournament committee to spot and mark the location of a player's ball.
Four-ball
A match between two teams of two players each in which the better ball of one team is played against the better ball of the other. See also best ball.
Foursome
Strictly, a match between two teams of two players each, in which each team plays one ball, with the partners alternating shots. Often erroneously applied to a four-ball match. Also, a group of four individuals playing a round together.
Free drop
A drop for which there is no penalty stroke.
Fried egg
See plugged lie.
Fringe
See apron.
Frog hair
Short grass bordering the edge of the green.
Front nine
The first nine holes on an 18-hole course.
Front side
Same as front nine.
G
                    
Gallery
The area for spectators, alongside the fairways and around the green; by extension, the spectators themselves.
Gimme
An easy putt that is likely to be conceded by the opponent.
Go to school
To learn how a putt will break by watching another player's putt along approximately the same line.
Goose neck
Descriptive of a club on which the neck is slightly curved, so that the heel is offset from the line of the shaft.
Grain
The direction in which the grass on the putting surface grows, and therefore the direction in which it lies after it has been cut short.
Grand Slam
Golf's modern Grand Slam comprises four major tournaments: the British Open, the U.S. Open, the PGA Championship, and the Masters.
Grasscutter
A hard-hit shot that follows a very low trajectory.
Green
In the official rules, the entire golf course is called the green. However, the term is commonly used to mean the putting green, or putting surface, on a given hole.
Green committee
The members of a golf club who oversee management and maintenance of the course.
Green fee
The fee charged a player for the privilege of using a course.
Greenkeeper
The club employee who is responsible for course maintenance.
Grip
1) The area of the shaft where the club is held; 2) The manner in which a player grasps and holds the club.
Groove
1) The path through which the club travels in a consistently repeated swing; 2) Linear scoring on the face of a club.
Gross
The total number of strokes taken on a round, before the player's handicap is deducted to determine the net score.
Ground the club
To touch the head of the club to the ground behind the ball at address.
Ground under repair
A portion of the course that is being repaired. If a ball lands in such an area, it can be removed without penalty.
H
                    
Hacker
A duffer.
Half shot
A shot played with a half swing.
Half swing
A swing on which the club is taken back only partway.
Halved
In match play, a hole is said to be halved when both sides play it in the same number of strokes.
Handicap
The number of strokes deducted from a player's gross score to determine the net score. It's essentially based on the player's average score over a period of time, minus par.
Handicap player
A player whose average score is above par, and who therefore is given a handicap in certain kinds of competition.
Hanging lie
A lie in which the ball rests on a downhill slope.
Hazard
Any bunker or water hazard designed into a course to create difficulty for the golfer. Roads, tracks, paths, bare patches of ground, and areas containing casual water are not hazards.
Head
The part of the golf club that makes contact with the ball.
Heel
The part of the head nearest the shaft. As a verb, to hit the ball with this part of the club, which sends it at a right angle to the intended line of flight.
Hog's back
A ridge on the fairway, or a hole that has such a ridge.
Hole
A round receptacle in the green, 4 ?" in diameter and at least 4 inches deep, usually lined with a metal cup. Also, one of the nine or eighteen areas that contains a hole, as in, "The ninth hole is a 410-yard par 3."
Hole high
Descriptive of a ball that is at the same distance from the tee as the hole, but off to one side.
Hole in one
A hole made in one stroke.
Hole out
To complete play on a hole by hitting the ball into the cup.
Holed
The ball is considered holed when it lies within the circumference of the hole and is entirely below the level of the lip.
Home green
The green on the last hole of the course.
Home pro
Same as club professional
Honor
The privilege of hitting first from the tee on a given hole. It goes to the player who won the preceding hole or the last hole that was won. On the first tee, it's usually decided by a coin toss.
Hook
A shot that curves from right to left for a right-handed golfer.
Hosel
The hollow part of the head of an iron, into which the shaft is fitted.
I
                    
In
Descriptive of the second nine holes of the course, since the golfer is generally moving in toward the clubhouse when playing those holes. See also out.
In play
The ball is in play as soon as the player has made a stroke in the teeing ground. It remains in play until the player has holed out, except when it goes out of bounds, is lost, is lifted, or is replaced by another ball in accordance with the rules.
Inside
Descriptive of the ball closest from the hole, or of the golfer whose ball it is. The opposite of away.
Interlocking grip
A grip in which the left little finger is intertwined with the right index finger, for a right-handed golfer.
In the leather
Descriptive of a ball that lies no farther from the hole than the length of the leather wrapping on the player's grip. In friendly competition, players often agree to concede such putts.
Iron
A club with a metal head. The irons are numbered 1 through 9. As the number increases, the face of the club becomes larger and more lofted. The wedge is also an iron, which has the greatest loft of all.

J

                    
Jigger
An obsolete iron that had a narrow blade and approximately the loft of a modern No. 4 iron.
Jungle
Heavy rough.

K

                    
Kick
An erratic or unpredictable bounce, usually caused by the ball's hitting an object or landing in unusual topography.

L

                    
Lag
A long putt, on which the object is to get the ball near the hole so that it can be sunk with the next putt. As a verb, to hit such a putt.
Lateral hazard
A hazard that runs parallel to the line of play, usually alongside the fairway.
Lay up
To hit a shot that will stop short of a hazard, rather than risking the hazard by attempting a longer shot to the green.
Leader board
A sign on which the scores of the leading golfers are posted during a tournament.
Lie
The position of the ball after it comes to rest anywhere between the tee and the putting surface. A lie is described as good if the ball can be struck cleanly. But see also lying.
Line
The direction in which the ball should be hit. In most cases, it refers to the path that a putt must take, but it can also refer to shots toward the green.
Line up
To study the putting surface in order to determine how a putt should be hit.
Links
Originally, a seaside course, but now any golf course.
Lip
The upper rim of the hole.
Lob shot
A shot that goes almost straight up and comes almost straight down, most often used when the golfer has very little green to work with.
Local rules
Rules established by a club because of unusual course conditions.
Loft
1) The elevation of the ball when it has been hit into the air; 2) The angle at which the club face is set from the vertical. The greater the club's loft, the higher the ball is lifted.
Long game
That part of the game of golf involving shots in which distance is important.
Long irons
The irons with less loft, which tend to hit the ball farther.
Loose impediment
Any natural object that is not fixed in place, growing, or adhering to the ball. Among loose impediments are pebbles, leaves, twigs, branches, insects, etc.
Lost ball
A ball is considered lost if: 1) It cannot be found within five minutes after the search begins; 2) The player declares it lost before the search has lasted five minutes; 3) A ball is found within the five-minute period, but the player cannot identify it as his.
Low ball and total
A team bet in which, on each hole, the best ball of each team wins a point and the lowest total score by partners wins another point.
Lying
Designation for the number of shots a golfer has taken on a given hole. For example, "lying three" means that the golfer has taken three shots and is about to hit the fourth.
M
                    
Make the cut
See cut.
Mallet
A putter with a wide, heavy head, similar to that of a croquet mallet.
Marker
1) An object that marks the forward limits of the teeing ground. 2) A scorer in stroke play, often a fellow competitor. 3) A ball marker 4) A rating marker.
Marshal
A tournament official whose primary duty is to keep order among the spectators.
Mashie
A lofted iron that's now obsolete. Sometimes applied to the No. 5 iron.
Mashie-iron
An iron with less loft than the mashie, also now obsolete. Sometimes applied to the No. 4 iron.
Mashie-niblick
An obsolete iron with a loft between that of the mashie and the niblick. Sometimes applied to the No. 5 or No. 6 iron.
Match play
A competition in which each hole is a separate contest and victory goes to the player or team winning the most holes. If both contestants get the same score on a hole, it is said to have been halved. A player or team that has won one more hole than the opponent is said to be "one up." If the lead becomes more than the number of holes remaining, the match is over. For example, if a player is three up with two holes to play, he or she wins, and the final score is expressed as "three and two," or "3-2."
Medalist
The player who has the lowest qualifying score in a tournament.
Medal play
Same as stroke play.
Mid-iron
An obsolete iron club that had more loft than a driving iron. Now sometimes applied to the No. 2 iron.
Mid-mashie
An obsolete iron club that had more loft than a mid-iron. Now sometimes applied to the No. 3 iron.
Mixed foursome
A foursome in which each side has a male and a female player.
Muff
To hit a shot poorly.
Mulligan
In casual play, a golfer who hits a poor tee shot is sometimes allowed to take a second shot without penalty. The second shot is called a "mulligan." It's usually allowed only on the first tee. See also shapiro.
N
                    
Nassau
A type of competition in which a point is awarded for winning the first nine holes, another point for winning the second nine, and a third point for winning the entire 18-hole round. Each point usually represents a separate bet.
Neck
The tapered area of the club shaft where it joins the head.
Net
A player's score after the handicap is subtracted from the gross score.
Niblick
An obsolete iron that was commonly used for playing out of the sand or from the rough. The term was also formerly applied to the No. 9 iron.
Nineteenth hole
The clubhouse bar.
Nose
On a club, same as toe.

O

                    
Observer
An official who watches golfers, usually on a specific section of the course, and reports any breach of rules to the referee.
Obstruction
Any artificial object erected, placed, or left on the course, with the exception of boundary markers, paths, and roads.
Offset
Descriptive of a club in which the head is set behind the shaft.
Open
A tournament to which both amateurs and professionals are admitted.
Open stance
A stance in which the left foot is moved farther back from the ball's line of flight. Opposite of closed stance.
Out
Descriptive of the first nine holes of the course, since the golfer is generally moving away from the clubhouse when playing those holes. See also in.
Out of bounds
The ground outside of the course boundaries. If a ball is hit out of bounds, the player is penalized stroke and distance.
Outside agency
Any agency not part of the match or, in stroke play, not part of the competitor's side. Among outside agencies are observers, forecaddies, markers, and the referee.
Overclub
To use a club that results in too much distance.
Overlapping grip
A grip in which the right little finger overlaps the area between the left forefinger and second finger, for a right-handed golfer.
K
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