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Golf Glossary

Ace
A hole in one; as a verb, to shoot a hole in one.

Address
The position taken by a player in preparation for a shot. As a verb, to take such a position, usually in the phrase "address the ball."

Aggregate
A score made by two or more players as partners, or over more than one round of play.

Airball
A swing that doesn't contact the ball.

Albatross
Obsolete name for a double eagle.

Amateur
A golfer who plays for fun, not for money.

Approach shot
A short or medium-range shot played to the green.

Apron
The area of grass surrounding the putting surface; also known as the fringe.

Attack
To play aggressively.

Automatic
Descriptive of an easy putt; also, an extra Nassau bet that's allowed whenever a player is two points behind.

Away
Descriptive of the ball farthest from the hole, or of the golfer whose ball it is. The golfer who is away shoots first.

Back door
The rear of the hole. When a putt goes around the hole and then drops in the back of the cup, it is said to have gone in the back door. Sometimes used as a verb, as in, "He back doored that putt."

Back lip
The edge of a bunker that is farthest from the hole.

Back nine
The second 9 holes on an 18-hole course.

Back side
Same as back nine.

Backspin
Backward spin around the ball's horizontal axis that will make it stop or even roll back upon landing.

Backswing
The portion of the swing when the club is taken from the ground back over the head.

Baffy
An obsolete 5 wood with the loft of a 3 or 4 iron. Sometimes applied to the 4 wood.

Bail out
To avoid or get out of trouble. There are two different senses here: Making a long putt is one way of bailing out; another is to hit a safe shot rather than risk playing the ball into a hazard.

Ball
The modern golf ball must be at least 1.68 inches in diameter and weigh no more than 1.62 ounces. There are several different types of construction, from a one-piece molded rubber ball to multi-layer balls that have liquid or solid centers wound with rubber thread. The covering is hard rubber or synthetic material covered with surface indentations, known as dimples.

Ball marker
A small coin or token used to spot the ball's position on the putting surface.

Ball retriever
A pole with a scoop or net attached, used to retrieve balls from water hazards and other areas that are difficult to reach.

Banana ball
A very bad slice; from the shape of its path.

Baseball grip
A grip in which all ten fingers are on the club shaft, similar to the way a baseball bat is gripped.

Beach
A sand hazard.

Belt
To hit the ball with extreme power.

bend
The curve on a shot; as a verb, to hit a hook or slice.

Bent grass
The most common type of grass on northern courses.

Bermuda
The most common type of grass on southern courses.

Best ball
Descriptive of a match in which the best individual score of two or more partners is the score for a hole. Also, the score itself, as in, "Smith had the best ball with a birdie, while his partner shot par."

Birdie
One stroke under par on a hole.

Bird's nest
An unfortunate lie, in which the ball is cupped in deep grass, like an egg in a nest.

Birds
A type of competition in which a point is awarded for a birdie and two points for an eagle, on any hole.

Bisque
A handicap stroke that can be taken on any hole, provided the player announces his intention before teeing off on that hole.

Bite
See backspin.

Blade
The hitting part of the clubhead on an iron. As a verb, to top an iron shot.

Blade putter
A putter with an iron head that's very similar to the numbered irons.

Blast
A shot from a sand trap that takes a large amount of sand with it; as a verb, to hit such a shot.

Blind bogey
A competition in which a score is drawn from a hit and the winner is the player the player who comes closest to matching it.

Blind hole
A hole on which the putting green cannot be seen as the player approaches it.

Block
To hit a slice by delaying the rotation of the wrists, forcing the clubhead to arc from inside to outside at impact. Usually done deliberately because of the ball's location.

Bogey
A score of one over the designated par for a hole. As a verb, to score a bogey. Sometimes spelled "bogie."

Bold
Usually descriptive of a putt that's hit too hard and goes well beyond the hole, but it might be applied to any shot that carries too far or to a firmly hit approach shot to a pin that's well protected.

Borrow
To play a putt to the side of the hole in order to compensate for the slope or curve of the green.

Boundary
An imaginary line that marks the limit of the golf course and defines the area of play. A ball hit beyond the boundary is out of bounds.

Bowker
A poor shot that bounds back into play after hitting a spectator, a tree, or some other unlikely helpful object.

Brassie
Obsolete name for a 2 wood, because it originally had a brass sole plate.

Break
1. To make less than a particular score, as in breaking par, breaking 90, breaking 100, etc.; 2. The direction in which the ball will roll because of the green's slope.

Bulger
An obsolete, pear-shaped wooden club with a convex face.

Bump and run
Same as chip and run.

Bunker
A hazard consisting of an area of bare ground, often a depression, usually covered or filled with sand.

Bunt
To hit a shot intentionally short.

Burn
Scottish for a creek or stream.

Buzzard
A score of two strokes over the designated par for a hole; a takeoff on eagle.

Bye
In match-play tournaments, a free pass to the next round without having to compete.

Bye holes
The holes that remain unplayed because a match has been decided. For example, if a player is ahead by five holes with only four left to play, those four holes are not played.

Caddie
A person who carries a player's clubs and may assist with advice, in accordance with the rules. Sometimes spelled "caddy."

Caddie master
A golf course employee who's in charge of the caddies.

Can
To make a putt.

Cap
The top end of a club grip and shaft.

Card
A golfer's score card; as a verb, to make a specific score, as in, "I carded a 5 on that hole."

Carpet
A large area of grass, such as a fairway or putting green.

Carry
The length of travel by the ball through the air, before it hits the ground.

Casual water
A temporary accumulation of water, usually from rain, that is not a water hazard. A player is allowed to lift the ball from casual water without penalty.

Center shafted
Descriptive of a putter on which the shaft is attached to the center of the head.

Charge
To come from behind to win a tournament; to play aggressively.

Chili-dip
A shot on which the club head hits the ground before the ball, resulting in a weak, lofted shot.

Chip-and-run
A chip shot, usually hit from just off the green, on which the ball rolls a considerable distance toward the hole after landing.

Chip shot
A short approach shot with a low trajectory, usually hit with topspin or backspin.

Chip in
To hit a chip shot into the hole.

Choke
To grip the club farther down on the handle than usual.

Chop
To hit down on the ball with a sharp hacking motion in order to apply extra spin.

Cleat
A spike on a golf shoe.

Cleek
Formerly, a narrow-bladed iron used for long shots from the rough or sand; now sometimes applied to the 4 wood or 1 iron.

Closed face
The position of the club face when it is pointed slightly to the left of the target.

Closed stance
A stance in which the left foot extends over the ball's line of flight. Opposite of open stance.

Club
The instrument used to strike the golf ball; its basic components are the grip, the shaft, and the head. Also, an organization or association of golfers.

Clubhouse
The main building on a golf course, which houses lockers, meeting rooms, restaurants, bar, and other facilities.

Clubhouse lawyer
A self-appointed arbiter who doesn't usually know the rules as well as he thinks he does.

Club professional
A professional who works for a golf club as a teacher and equipment supplier and plays only in local events.

Cock
To bend the wrists during the backswing, in preparation for bringing the club forward.

Collar
Strictly speaking, the edge of a sand trap, but also used to describe the fringe around the putting surface.

Condor
A triple eagle, that is, four under par on a hole. A very rare occurrence, since it requires a hole in one on a par 5 hole.

Control shot
A shot played with emphasis on accuracy, often hit with less than full power. Also "controlled shot."

Course
The entire playing area for a round or match, usually comprising 9 or 18 holes, each of which has a teeing ground, a fairway, and a green.

Course rating
An evaluation of a course in terms of difficulty, as compared to other courses, expressed in strokes and decimal fractions of a stroke. The course rating is used in computing handicaps.

Cross bunker
A bunker, usually long and narrow, that crosses the fairway.

Cross-handed grip
An unorthodox grip in which the left hand is below the right hand.

Cup
See hole.

Cuppy
Descriptive of a lie in which the ball sits in a cup-shaped depression.

Cut
The highest score that allows a player to continue in a tournament, usually determined after the first 36 holes of a 72-hole tournament. If a player shoots that score or lower, he is said to have made the cut. To shoot a higher score is to miss the cut.

Cut in
To hit an approach shot precisely, usually with backspin, to a well-protected pin.

Cut shot
A high, soft shot that stops almost immediately when it hits the green.

Dance floor
The putting green.

Dead
Descriptive of a shot that stops immediately when it lands.

Dead ball
A ball that is so close to the hole that there's no doubt it will be sunk with the next putt.

Deuce
A hole made in two strokes.

Dimple
One of the indentations on a golf ball that allow it to fly farther and straighter. A dimple is usually round, although some are polygonal. There are 300 to 500 dimples on a ball.

Divot
A piece of turf cut out by the club head when a shot is made. The golfer is obligated to replace the divot and tamp it down.

Dogleg
A bend in the fairway.

Dormie
The situation, in match play, in which a golfer is ahead by as many holes as are left to play. If that golfer wins just one of the remaining holes, the match is over.

Double bogey
A score of 2 over the designated par for a hole.

Double eagle
A score of 3 under the designated par for a hole.

Down
The number of holes, in match play, or the number of strokes, in stroke play, that a player is behind an opponent.

Downhill lie
A lie on which a right-handed golfer's right foot is higher than the left foot.

Downswing
The portion of the swing from the top of the backswing to the point of impact.

Draw
A method of pairing opponents for a match-play tournament; as a verb, to hit a draw shot.

Draw shot
A controlled shot that curves from left to right for a right-handed golfer, deliberately hit to get position or to get out of trouble.

Drive
Usually, to hit the ball from the tee; also, to hit the ball with a full swing and maximum force.

Driver
The No. 1 wood, the longest hitting club, used most often from the tee on a hole requiring maximum distance.

Driving iron
Obsolete name for various iron clubs; now used only for the No. 1 iron.

Driving mashie
An obsolete club, less lofted than a mashie iron, used for long shots.

Driving range
An area where a number of golfers can practice their tee shots and other strokes.

Drop
The act of depositing a ball on the course to put it in play after it has been declared unplayable or to replace a lost ball. See also free drop.

Dub
A missed or poorly-hit shot.

Duffer
A poor golfer; a hacker.

Dunk
To hit the ball into a water hazard.